The law of optics regarded since ancient times is basically
as follows: Light travels in straight lines, and so when they travel from a
bright source through a hole in thin material they cross and reform as an
upside down image on a flat surface parallel to the hole. The camera obscura
dates back to Ancient China and Ancient Greece, and was mainly used as a
drawing aid to draw perfect proportion and perspective.
The first photograph of an image taken with a camera was made
in 1816 by Nicéphore Niépce. It was made with a small, self-made camera and a
piece of silver chloride-coated paper. The photograph didn’t survive because he
couldn’t remove the remaining silver chloride, so the picture became entirely
darkened by the exposure to light. In 1826 he made his first permanent camera
image by coating a pewter plate with bitumen and exposing it inside the camera.
In 1879, the dry plate was invented, a glass negative
plate with a dried gelatin emulsion. Dry plates could be stored for a period of
time. Photographers no longer needed portable darkrooms because of this. Dry
processes absorbed light quickly and so rapidly that the hand-held camera was
now possible.
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